Frederick walton



(Modem F. WALTON.

' MANUFACTURE OF HOLLOW ARTIGLES IN WHICH LIGHTNESS, R IGIDITY,

V AND. IMPERME'ABILITY ARE REQUIRED.

No. 249,427. Patented Nov. '8, 1881.

N PETERS. Phuhz-Lilhngnpher, Washinglnm v.6.

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE;

FREDERICK WALTON, on HEAIHAMHOUSE, TWIGKENHABLUOUNTYOF MIDDLESEX, ENGLAND.

MANUFACTURE OF sorrow ARTICLES IN WHICH LIGHTNESS, RIGIDITY. AND IMPERMEABIILITY ARE- 1 I REQUIRED.

SPECIFIQATION forming part of LettersiPatent No. 249,427, datedNovember 8,1881. Application filed July 26, 1881. (MolleL) Patented In England July 19, 1880.

ing at Heatham House, Twickenham, in the county of Middlesex, England, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in the Manufacture of Hollow Articles in which Ligh ness, Rigidity, and Impermcability are Re-i; quired, (for which I have received Letters Pat-j ent in England,No. 2,976, dated the 19th day of July, 1880;) and I do hereby declare that the following is a full, clear, and exact descripg tion of the invention, which will enable others? skilled in the art to which it appertaius to make and use the same. 1

This invention has for its object improve; ments in the manufacture of hollow articles in which lightness, rigidity, and imperineability are required. For these purposes I first produce forms for the articles required in paper or paper-pulp. I cause the paper-pulp to be deposited on a perforated shape corresponding to the article it is intended to produce. By this well-known process I produce in thick p0 rous paper seamless form s-it may be of a hat, a helmet, a tray, a bowl, a cup, a box or case,

an opera-glass tube, a clock-case or a part thereof, or a raised panel or other hollow article.

When the paper formis dry I cover it all over with oxidized or solidified oil composition,

{which I apply to it bythe aid of heavy pressure and by means of dies or molds of the shapeof the article. In this way I force a layer of composition of oxidized or solidified oil combined with fiber or pigment or other materials onto the internal and external surfaces of such forms.

I afterward harden the coating by exposure to heat.

The annexed drawin Fi ure 1 shows in a. g a a section, the pair of dies which I employ in producing a helmet-like head-covering. a. is-the upper die, and b the lower die. When they are shut together they form a mold and. inclose a space corresponding in shape to .thearticle they are intended to produce. Atthetop they fit together pretty closely, so as to allow little or no escape of the composition when exposed to pressure. There are conical pins on the upper jdie,which enter correspoudingholes in the lower die and serve, when the upper die is brought down, to lead it accurately to its place.

The paper form is placed on the upper die and is slightly attached to it by astring around the upper part or in other convenient manner. A suitable quantity of the coating material to form the coating is then placed in the lower dieand the dies are closed together with heavy pressure sufficient to distribute the coating uniform] y over the form. The dies are, by preference, used cold, but the composition is heated as much as it will bear without injury, so that it maybe soft enough to yield freely to the pressure.

I prepare a suitable composition from drying oil which by long-continued boiling, as is well understood, has been reduced to a conditionsuch that when cold it is solid and almost dough-like. I mix this solid oil with other ingredients, as follows: solid oil, four pounds; cork, (finely ground,) four pounds; red lead, four ounces; lime, (quiok,) four ounces; paraffine-wax, six ounces. The composition may be softened by adding a little boiled linseedoil. I sometimes substitute two pounds of flock fiber for the ground cork. The purpose 7 5 quired;) lamp-black, one-fourth pound. I pre= fer in preparing this to use solidified oil prepared by exposing oil in films, and to unite with it the shellac in a steam-heated pan, and go to use a slight quantity of spirits of wine if the. composition is required to be soft; amaiiotherz. solidoil, (as above,) four pounds; bitumen,

one and one-half pound; lamp-black, one-half pound. Coal-naphthaor similar solvent may 9 5 be used to soften this composition.

Sometimes I boil the gurus I may use to harden the oil in a cauldron with theoil. Go

nd or inner coating be quite thin the upper die should be changed, so that asuitable space for the composition may be left when the mold is closed. For-some forms it will not be nee- 'ess'ary to change the upper die.

Sometimes to obtain a better adhesion of the composition to the form I perforate the form or I can varnish it with a gum-varnish, and I then" cover the form while the varnish is ina tacky condition.

The hollow articles thus produced by covering a form with oxidized or solidified oil composition are placed in a stove on blocks, which prevent them getting out of shape, and they are exposed, say, for six hours or more, to a temperature oi from 100 to 130 Fahrenheit. On leaving the stove the articles will in many cases require only to be trimmed or finished ed to be ready for use.

This process is applicable to the manufac? ture of a great variety of hollow articles. For

example, helmets and head-coverings are advantageously thus made, having the lightness,

impermeability, rigidity, and resistance to wear desirable in these articles. Myimproved method of manufacture is also applicable to the production of tea-trays and many other articles.

To demonstrate clearly the advantages of my process I may state that in the manufacture of tea-trays and most japanned articlesit has been usual to give the paper form repeated layers of color or-japan, and to cut down the surface each time until afine, smooth exterior is obtained. As each layer must be well dried before the application of another, it will be seen that much time and labor is required, which by my process is saved, as the surface of the mold being erfectly even and polished, it follows that the articles receive from the nlold the same finish. For articles to be japanned 1 employ the harder compositions. The japauning is Eonducted in the ordinary manner at a moderate temperature, but much fewer coats and less cutting down will be required to obtain a surface.

1n the manufacture of tea-trays and similar articles by covering forms in molds according to my method some parts of "the surface may be perfectly plane and even, while others may be ornamented in relief. This effect I obtain by engraving the molds at such places, and forms of pearl, metal, or other ornamental substances may be inserted into cavities in the ,molds and so combined with the composition Bowls, boxes, and a variety of of solid oils.

articles can be made in this manner.

- of hats.

In place of employingv hollow forms of paper or paper-pulp I can, in some cases, employ like forms made in thin sheet metal, and which maybe produced by stamping or, sometimes, I employ forms of paper, felt, or woven fabric made in sections and arranged on a block. The pieces can be thinly coated with composi composition is in an adhesive state. In some cases it will be convenient to spread the composition upon the form-before putting it into the mold. In this manner, for instance, Ican produce the parts of a portmanteau. I have a block corresponding, say, to one-half of the portnlanteau. On this block I build up aform with several layers or plies of canvas thinly covered with composition in an adhesive state.

I then coat this form both inside and outwith composition, spreading it on by hand orotherwise. The form th us coated, after it has been dried, to evaporate the solvent,.and, if necessary, warmed to soften the com position,is next transferred to a mold suitably shaped and ornamented to correspond to the half-portmanteauwhich itis intended to fashion. Pressure is then applied to cause the form to fill out the mold and adapt itself accurately to its configuration. In cases of this sort an impermeable bag into which water can beforced under considerable pressure may advantageously be substituted for the second die, or that which in other cases fills the interiorof the form. This method of applying pressure is well under stood and often applied in shaping the brims Many other like articles may be produced in a similar manner.

Having thus described the nature of my said inventiomand the manner of performing the same,.I would have it understood that I claim- 1. The manufacture of hollow articles by molding the hereinbefore-de scribed composition of oxidized or solidified oil and other ingredients upon forms of paper, thin sheet metal,

orother material by pressure-in dies or molds, substantially as described.

2. The manufacture of hollow articles-by molding the hereinbefore-described compost tion of oxidized or solidified oil and other ingredients upon. a form by pressure in dies or molds, and then japanuing'upon the molded surface, substantially as described.

3. The hereinbefore-described hat or other similar hollow article, formed of a composition of oxidized or solidified oil and other ingredients, as set forth, molded upon forms of paper, thin sheet metal, or other similar material, by pressure in dies or molds, substantially as described.

FREDK. WALTON.

Witnesses:

JOHN DEAN, J. WATT, Both of 17 Gracechurch Street, London, E. G.

' tion and placed together on the block while the rod IIS 

